PinnoThin™ – the appetite suppressant

By Lipid Nutrition

Meeting the Health Needs of a Growing Market
It’s an unfortunate but undeniable fact that more people are now overweight than ever before. Being overweight can cause issues with one’s self-image, but more importantly it also poses a considerable health risk. Obesity is actually set to replace smoking as the most important cause of heart disease today. It also increases the risks of a whole range of other serious health problems, including type 2 diabetes, stroke, kidney failure, gallbladder disease, hypertension and cancer. In the face of this threat to an increasing number of people’s health, there is a significant and rapidly growing market for food products that help tackle this problem. Currently, the weight loss segment is already one of the largest health condition markets in the United States, with expected market growth of almost 5%. Appetite suppressants now account for 13% of the US slimming aids market.

Influencing your Appetite
PinnoThin™, a unique ingredient developed and patented by Lipid Nutrition. A 100% natural, vegetable-based product, PinnoThin™ works by targeting weight gain at the source. By promoting a feeling of fullness, it can help to reduce food consumption.

100% Natural Appetite Suppressant
High pinolenic acid pine nut oil is a product that comes from a natural plant source. It is based on pine nut oil derived from the nuts of the native Korean pine tree, Pinus koraiensis. This tree grows in Korea, Japan, Siberia and China (Manchuria). China is the world’s largest producer and exporter of nuts of Pinus koraiensis to Europe and the US.

The oil of these specific nuts contains more than 92% of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids. It is especially rich in very long chain fatty acids, such as pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid (C18:3 - 5,9,12) which has double bonds in the cis configuration. Korean pine nuts contain about 40 times more pinolenic acid than for example Italian stone pine nuts.

How Does it Work?

Appetite is a complex mechanism, controlled by many different factors. One of the most important factors is the role played by hormones. These send messages to our brains, either triggering or reducing feelings of hunger. PinnoThin™ works by stimulating the release of the hunger-suppressing peptide hormone, CCK (cholecystokinin). This hormone sends signals of satiation to the brain, which can help to reduce prospective food intake.

PinnoThin™ Studies confirm Satiety Benefits
Two new studies demonstrate PinnoThin’s ability to suppress appetite and reduce food intake. The studies are now emerging with data concluding that it increases the release of the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). They also showed that PinnoThin™ FFA, the form PinnoThin™ TG is broken down into after consumption, increased the release of another satiety hormone, glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP1). Both hormones send signals of satiety to the brain, and are essential in regulating food intake.

Study Results
Two studies, Pasman et al., 2008 and Hughes et al., 2008, tested the effects of PinnoThin™’s active ingredient, the Korean pine nut oil (Pinus Koraiensis), on satiety hormones and food intake. Both studies evaluated the effects of PinnoThin™ FFA, PinnoThin™ TG and a placebo. Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) was used to measure participants’ degree of hunger, desire to eat, perception of how much they thought they could eat, fullness and satiety. The results from both studies confirm PinnoThin’s appetite-suppressing benefits.

In the Pasman study, 3g of PinnoThin™ were administered to 18 women after a small breakfast. CCK, GLP1 release and VAS scores were then measured over the next four hours. A significant CCK increase was observed after consumption of both PinnoThin™ FFA and PinnoThin™ TG. GLP1 increased considerably after PinnoThin™ FFA. Prospective food intake decreased after PinnoThin™ FFA administration.

In the Hughes study, which lasted a full day, 42 women were given Korean pine nut oil 30 minutes before lunch. Food/calorie intake was then measured at lunch and dinner. Participants given PinnoThin™ FFA reduced food intake by 9% and caloric intake by 7%.

Promising Results encourage Further Research
More research is needed on appetite-suppressing functional ingredients to fully understand their effect on satiety so that we can determine optimal delivery forms and administration times. Comparative data on PinnoThin™ FFA and TG forms suggests that the TG form has a delayed hormone-release response. Since the amount of time it takes for TG to break down into FFA form in the human gut and influence satiety is not yet certain, Lipid Nutrition is continuing research on this as well as on PinnoThin’s unique satiety benefits.

Recommended Intake & Dosage
The beneficial effects of PinnoThin™ have been demonstrated at a dosage of 3 grams. The intake can be offered to consumers as so-called ‘one-shot’ concepts in which the total intake is given in one small serving.

Innovative Food Concepts with PinnoThin™
PinnoThin™ is available as an oil and powder which means it is suitable for a wide variety of applications, from dietary supplements to foods. It is recommended for liquid food products like flavored milk, yoghurt and beverages and for products like dressings and fat spreads. It has also been successfully applied to bakery products like cookies and nutritional bars.

Summary
PinnoThin™ is an unique appetite suppressant – no other appetite suppressant on the market today stimulates the production of CCK, which is an objective parameters for satiety—and it is protected by several international patents for specific uses in food, food supplements, pharmaceuticals, and as a health component.

PinnoThin™ can help to:

• Promote a feeling of satiety
• Suppress appetite
• Reduce meal size
• Reduce the urge to snack
• Increase satiety value of PinnoThin™ fortified foods

References:

Hughes GM, Boyland EJ, Williams NJ, Mennen L, Scott C, Kirkham TC, Harrold JA, Keizer HG, Halford JCG. The effect of Korean pine nut oil (PinnoThin™) on food intake, feeding behaviour and appetite. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial.  Lipids in Health and Disease 2008, 7:6

Pasman WJ, Heimerikx J, Rubingh CM, van den Berg R, O’Shea M, Gambelli L, Hendriks HFJ, Einerhand AWC, Scott C, Keizer HG, Mennen LI. The effect of Korean pine nut oil on in vitro CCK release, on appetite sensations and on gut hormones in post-menopausal overweight women. Lipids in Health and Disease 2008, 7:10